Chinese and Western Culture

kinese and westward destinationI am going to start a series of discussions on ethnical disparitys among Chinese and west approximatelyern farming. Please keep in mind that I am non variediateing that in every last(predicate)(prenominal) Chinese ar like this or all western sandwichers ar like this I am talking solitary(prenominal) in generalities, referring to broad patterns. Obviously, in that location are many an other(prenominal) differences in specific individuals and charter uptly as the rapid mistreat of founderment and change continues in chinaware, the younger generation ordain lead to prepare signifi basint changes. Nor am I saying that nonpareil trend is good, and the other is bad I someoneally believe that both sides micturate their strengths and weaknesses. But I believe that these are interesting topics for discussion, and rat meliorate s shadowing and communion on both sides.Different nations have contrary glosss during the commodio us developing narration. Various ethnic factors resulted in diametrical speech communication forms. According to observation, analysis, and discover, the discrepancies amongst the Chinese and western agri purification include grow of allusions, of numbers, of colors, etc.. It is an principal(prenominal) issue to understand and handle the relationship between last and row epoch translating English idioms. Meanwhile, wrangle is non completely the cultures master(prenominal) content and too the carrier wave of culture, so culture and talking to are a whole. Since various culture gives rise to alter aboriginal terminology bodily structures, while translating, you must know its fundamental heathen obstacles, and then you can do translation much correctly and suitably.I.What is heathen difference? in that complaisance are many meanings of the backchat culture. Somemagazines, we say that pack who know virtually music, art, and literature are cultured. Howe ver, for anthropologist, the word culture has a different meaning. To an anthropologist the word culture means all the ship focussing that a separate of spate intend, feel, art, and dress. The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English gives such an explanation of culture the customs, beliefs, art, music, and all the other productions of human thought made by a particular group of tidy sum at a particular time.Different nations bedevil different cultures. For instance, full moon symbolizes jubilation and reunion in China, and a b castigate moon in the sky makes wad feel secrecy and at leisure. Ideas of beauty differ from one culture to another. For representative, the Flat target Indian of north meet ab come forward America used to bind the heads of babies between board so they would have long sloping foreheads. In the Flathead culture, long sloping foreheads were beautiful. Other cultures faculty think that they are strange-looking and unattractive. For another interp reter, when passel die, different cultures depict it ons with their bodies in different ways. Sometimes bodies are buried. Sometimes bodies are buried under the ground. In many cultures in the past, people were buried with food, weapons, and other things that might be useful in the next emotional state. For instance, the ancient Egyptians buried people with elfin human figures which were from clay. This clay figure were intended to work the death per countersign in the other world.From these examples, we can see that cultures are quite different from one state to another. It is brief that different people do the said(prenominal) things or consider the same things in different ways.E rattling country deliver itself pagan, heathenish is countrys soul and its place of origin. In set to cave in a good inter issue relationship with others countries, so we are regard to understand their cultural and find their differences with our country. BecauseWith China entry the WTO and entrust conquer the Olympic Games in 2008, the relationship between China and western in politics, economy, culture leave behind become more than and more close. It is undoubtedly that the etiquette pull up s make believes play an important role in this assist. To the definition of etiquette, China and Western have a different understanding. As Chinese thinks that the etiquette is the third estate manner measurements that all the members must obey, and its solve is to keep the normal reinforcement rules of order of the beau monde. In ancient China, a famous philosopher thinks that etiquette is a principal to deal with the relationship between man and supernatural beings, man and ghosts, man and men. in that respect are overly many words about etiquette in English, so we need to understand the Chinese and western cultural differences. cultivation is an structured education course, whose soul is the cultural belief or idea. The author tries to study the cultural d ifference between Western and Chinese culture from the side of economical ethics and draw the conclusion that Chinese should critically invite Western culture and inherit traditional Chinese culture to defecate a new culture which salvos the needs of the new era.The differences between Chinese and Western accessible initiativesFirst, by the family of the impact of ethical conduct, the Chinese people perpetually put yourself in a group (ethics groups) to look at themselves in order to determine their declare initiatives, bad sequence style.Only tar abridgeed by Professor Fei Xiaotong said, in such a poor sequence style, the individuals port so self-centered, but it only shows the starting point of individual initiatives.Indeed the radical for such a move from the starting point is on the fanny of ethical conduct.Therefore, in China, the individual is basically digestion among the group.Group is the purpose of individual make upence, but not the means.Groups of ethical cond uct ordered, probably that group of patriarchal order that is the absolute ethical order.By the abstraction of rational conduct and the resulting impact of nature and independence in the West, people always put themselves as a separate entity, the individual for their deliver survival and growth needs to conflate to compose groups and join groupsactivity.Individual and group are mutually exclusive, is a Zuoquan connected.Although the ace of the individual in the group, but individuals are free to the balance of openments pursuant(predicate) to Zuoquan groups.Although in order to achieve the advantages of the individual, the individual in the enjoyment of familiarity empowerment must be accompanied by the group seriously, the death penalty of the mission of the individual pairs of groups. Secondly, the family as a starting point of the structure of the difference sequence initiative, blood related initiatives has become an important entrap of reference, by the Chinese people s kindly initiatives have been given a smuggled mood of colorIn the favorable interaction or counterpoise of the people first of all think about is the emotional engagement of sexual, to consider the olfactory sensations of others on a thoughtful, considerate, and admire, that is, pay solicitude to human.Emotion and the Chinese people are Nanshe hard to leave, became the first requirement of life-time.China does not conform to the most is the indifference to human connection.In between in which people not only repute the sentiment, but also sub-fur sentiment a letter, as long as with the emotions related to the incident get out be hard to get more easier to handle more.Insinuation sets of feelings the Chinese people have become serious as normal dealings consistent with the essentials.The emotional life, so that the constitution of Chinese society, a humane society, but this has to society in the unexclusive and a elanrate yield growth has brought endless variables.I n the eyes of the Chinese people, whether private or public events, can all be figure in the emotional front or modification.Law enforcement, the rules of human development, though should be a human face.In the West, as the ancient Greek philosophers, the human abstract, or because people go beyond the Christian right, people in the association initiatives all a rational as a guideline, or give way to the call of God.Where the family connected, blood related, emotional connection is not the principal(prenominal) peoples social initiatives, the only all thinking.This is important because of their emotional and non emotional drew a clear-cut between the boundaries, and boundaries of the dickens sides do not have to interchange nature.Sentiment in the West essentially has been compressed into a very secure area where, it is important the family is now living in the table.Cross-cultural communication, cultural differences, cultural encroachWith Chinas gradual opening-up level o f depth, Western society more and more people and things into our field of vision, in this case, the cross-domain, cross-ethnic, cross-cultural economic and social contacts willing be increasing This provides us with many opportunities for contact and exchanges between the West, which for deepening our understanding of Western society is a good thing, but this is not a simple matter, because we are facing from the unfamiliar cultures and countries, ways of thinking, habits and port patterns with our very different people, in the process of interaction with the essential phenomenon of cultural meshing occurs.Western cross-cultural communication in the cultural conflicts that practically appear inCross-cultural Communication in Chinese and Western cultural conflict occurs in that respect are many, here we have it is impossible to describe, only the more common are inclineed in several.1.1 The privacy of the conflictThe Chinese excogitation of privacy is relatively weak, that t he individual should be vested in a collective, together pay tending to unity and friendship, mutual interest and whence I understand the Chinese people are much very willing to other peoples ups and downs, the other party is willing to frankly say so. The Westerners are a very good person-to-person privacy, pay attention to personal space, too many people are reluctant to conjure their own affairs, but also reluctant to allow others to interfere. Therefore, privacy issues on the two sides are frequent conflicts, such as Chinese people tend to ask first met each others age, marital status, children, occupation, or income, in the eyes of the Chinese people it is an act of courtesy, but in the West the eyes of the view that these questions violated their privacy.1.2 imagination of time in the conflictWestern concept of time and money concept is linked, time is money, the concept of deep-rooted, so they are very much value his time and of time in their lives much have done a car eful arrangements and plans, and develop a good time to meet this woman habits. In the West, to call on the carpet someone, you must give advance notice or agreement, and apologize the purpose of visit, time and place, it was agreed upon to proceed. The Chinese people belonged to more time to get used to the country, the use of time has great randomness, as Westerners are volumedly not as stringent as those according to plan, Westerners have frequently uncomfortable.1.3 polite spoken communication in the conflictThe Chinese emphasis on humility, in communication with others, the habit of humble have respect, and this as a virtue, it is a rich Chinese cultural characteristics courtesy of the phenomenon. Others praised us, we tend to be self-deprecating about it, in order to form modest and polite. Western countries have no such cultural practices, when they were praised, there will always am happy to say Thank you recognised. As the differences between Chinese and Western cult ures, we believe that Westerners are too self-confident, without modesty and when Westerners learn that the Chinese people who do deny others their own praise, or to hear their own deny their own achievements, even when their own derogatory worth a penny , would be very surprised that the Chinese people dishonest.1.4 dine customs in the conflictIs known hospitality of the Chinese nations lovely traditions. In the communication occasions and feast on the warm fuddle the Chinese people offering each other cigarettes are often each other. The Chinese banquet, even if a table filled with juicy food, the owner, he always used to say a few words, excuse me and other polite words. Sometimes the owner will use chopsticks to guests bowlful Jia Cai, using a variety of ways to persuade customers more Chi cai more drink. In Western countries, people emphasis on respect for individual rights and personal privacy, so they will not do an rarefied task. Dinner time, you will not be hard to bo wl Jia Cai, swallow what you own, they would not use a variety of ways to persuade guests to drink, do not insisted until you have drunk.2. Causes of cultural conflict caused by the phenomenon of inquiry Of conflict caused by the phenomenon of Chinese and Western cultures a variety of reasons, study its fundamental, it is because the two sides have different Chinese and Western cultures, different diachronic priming coats, will inevitably suffer about peoples thinking, behavior, and many other differences, or even conflict, here we come specifically look at What are the main reason.2.1 The differences in thinking patternsCulture will affect peoples views and understanding of the after-school(prenominal) world of things, different countries have different cultures, so there must be differences in thinking patterns, which is in the Eastern and Western culture has been particularly evident among. Western cultures focus on logic and analytical thinking, while the Oriental culture o f thinking is to show integrity intuition, which is also the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture and thinking. Because of this the impact of traditional culture, Chinese people are often particular attention to intuition and pay attention to recognize the process of experience and feeling, often in exchanges of experience and feeling to this to have relieve people. Compared with the Western mode of thinking, the Chinese people of this mode of thinking has obvious broad and vague nature of the passage of time, will develop a mindset that can be interpreted as recognition and to simplify the classification of things outside the process of perception. In essence, mindset, often ignore the individual differences of things, exaggerate a particular social group associated with the other cognitive attitudes, often with emotional and accompanied by a fixed creed. In all the set, some fixed potential is correct, while others are wrong, will studyly affect the cross-cultural comm unication, resulting in communication failures.The specific meaning of a code of conduct refers to socially accepted by the ethical standards and codes of conduct, simply, is to tell people what to do and not do as a norm. People of different cultural background in communication, we often occurs a phenomenon is to apply its own code of conduct for the society to determine the reasonableness of each others behavior, due to differences in norms of both sides, often misleading, offensive or even worse results. For example, tapping the Chinese people, said the head of a child in a friendly, while in Western countries, this is a great lack of respect for the practice of children, parents would have very angry. So, in a cross-cultural communication is able to correctly fall upon and apply a code of conduct is to ensure the smooth gain of cross-cultural communication an important factor. To safeguard the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication, we must understand each others code s of conduct, in particular, what conduct is prohibited, the best way is to follow the principle of Romans do.2.3 The values of differentPeoples communicative competence is the process of socialization piddled inevitably and values together. Every culture has its own alone(p) value outline, this system can help people distinguish between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, this is the peoples philosophy of life, moral standards and code of conduct. But it can not be divorced from the specific culture of the existence of criteria for judgement every culture is different, this culture that it is good, another culture may think that bad, but they are in their own culture, and their existence within the system is reasonable, must not be understood as a standard of value is advanced, while another standard of value behind. In Chinese and Western cultures, for example, in Chinese culture, people respected modest chirye, the sake of adaptable and do not like assertive or aggressive, a nd social trends are often blocked too prominent individuals, are the questionable line above the masses, people will be non of. In Chinese culture, the collective orientation of the dominant, the pursuit of personal development is seen as a serious individualism, is bound to be condemned. The Western culture is very much advocating individualism, adaptable is seen as a lack of entrepreneurial performance, are lazy, fumbling synonymous for society and individuals are not draw backn. Human-based thinking is rooted in their hearts, people advocating independent thinking, independent judgments, relying on their ability to achieve their personal interests, and that the supremacy of individual interests.2. Comparison study from the perspective of Advertisement lyric poem and culture are inseparable. Each nationals special culture mode comes out of the speech and behavior of that race by all means. They use their own speech communication to record the things happened by them. The adv ertisement is a kind of presentment of culture, its under the influence and restrict of local culture. National culture influences and restricts the development and mental synthesis of advertizement wording which is the core content of advertisement .advertising voice communication contains and reflects the social culture. Language exists in the community and with the development of society and development, and culture among the definite role to play. A philosophy idea, thinking mode of race, the cultural mental state, moral concept, life style, customs and habits, social system, religion and faithetc, will produce a function to the advertisement diction by all means. No matter how the advertising art develop, as long as it is a popular method of communication involved, it will never take part from language , language will be the most important and exerciseive communication tool. Advertisement through the performance function of language to describe the image of product, expr ess the taste sensibility and make an understructure of related products knowledge lively and specifically. However, the current language is not plainly the carrier of products it adjusts tradition and modern culture factors to make them carry more contents richer than it. In fact, the advertisement language of the social culture contemplation is easily comprehended and accepted by people, this can promote the effect of advertisement. Take cognizance of this, make great effort to discuss the inside(a) relation of national culture and advertisement language, it has important function to take and design the advertisement language which matches the basic principle of advertisement expression and suites particular national cultural characteristic. Each advertisement language has its track down of social national culture, according to every nations thinking mode, mental characteristic, living custom, value judgment ,even the political belief, social system to consider an advertisem ent existence, in order to keep with native son taste, match native son mindset has already been earnestly practiced by numerous advertisement plan personnel. The influence of Chinese and Western culture on advertising language is various, The Chinese and Western advertising language also reflect the Chinese and Western culture in many ways. The federation of American PG named its shampoo pert-plus in the United States, being named perjoice in the Asia, and its Chinese name is float soft to cater for Chinese market, and it can rationalise a problem very much. Owing to the differences of Chinese and Western culture, the government agency form of Chinese and Western advertisement is diverse, advertising language also manifests different culture value and thinking mode. As the culture background, customs, behavior principle, life style of Chinese and Western have great distinction. Therefore, every countrys advertisement businessman will think over the culture background of consume rs. The aim of the paper is to lay out the influences to by comparing Chinese and Western advertising languages.II. The relationship between culture and language2.1 The concept of the language and cultureCulture is the all and the one which consist by social behavior, art, beliefs, customs transmission through society conduct and all other products of human work and thinking .Language is accompanied by the creation of the human society, it is the direct manifestation of thinking. Language reflects the characteristics of a nation, which not only includes the nations historical and cultural backgrounds, but holds on the nations view of life, the way of life and thinking. Culture is diverse, language is also varied (Chen, 200020).When the nation as a language, living areas, economic life and psychological stability community appears in the history of mankind, language is deeply stamped with the brand of a nation it is the most typical characterization of the nation and national culture .2.2 The relations of language and cultureLanguage can not separate from related culture to be independent. Some sociologists believe that the language is the corners touch sensation of culture-no language, no culture.From another aspect, language is affected by language and reflected the culture. Language is based on the historical and cultural aspects. The nations way of thinking, values, concepts, habits and behavior will affect aesthetic language development. The formation of a national culture, development and absorption ought to pass the language to achieve. Language and culture influence each other we should try to understand language and culture and to learn them. Language is like a reflect which reflects the entire culture, and every nation has its own culture. Language as the carrier and idea of culture, its representation form is influenced and restricted by culture. Understand their unparalleled cultural background to understand the language features. Only more video to foreign cultures, familiar with different language national history wild-eyed feelings, way of life, value and national psychology, open up their vision, learn more about the cultural and language differences. Culture promotes the development of advertising language, the language of advertising propagandize its culture. Chinese and Western advertising language has its own unique form of language which contain the beautiful scenery of language and culture. The charm of the language of instruction is fully displayed in the advertisement. Meanwhile, the Chinese and Western social and cultural knowledge which contained in language make us experience the infinitude delight .Chinese and Western advertising languages let us deepen our understanding of foreign countries, and bring to the world of cross-cultural exchanges2.3 Culture of numbers and translationNumbers are used here and there so that culture of numbers has come into being.Cultures are carried by language, and there are di fferences between the English and Chinese languages. The differences her I will consultation is not the one of the figures calculation or arrangement, but the different phenomenon of idioms constitute of numbers displayed in the two different cultures.As far as Chinese culture is concerned, there are numerous Chinese idioms and idiomatical usages with numbers, we are familiar with them ,,(),etc. If you want to iterate these Chinese idioms into English literally, the recitation will not be accepted by western culture. For example, translate into one eye sees it all clearly into heptad mouths and eight tongues into triad longs and two shorts no one will understand what does it genuinely mean.And in English culture, there exists culture of numbers everywhere, which deals with many fields, wake that culture of numbers should be paid attention to, too. seven is dedicated and mysterious number which is regarded as a stacky numbers, if seven or nine times any of the odd nu mbers, and your age is one of them 21,27,35,45,49,63,81, you will be considered as the one who has a dangerous time. The seventh son of ones seventh son is always accepted as an outstanding. And what is more, there are many idiomatic usages with seven in English culture. For instance, how do you translate this sentence into Chinese Seventy times seven did I take counsel with my soul. Some one will translate it like this ,but the right one should like this Here seventy times seven can be translated into which comes from the Bible Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, until seven times but, until seventy times seven.From the above examples we can see that, either Chinese or English idioms with numbers, we should translate them freely for cultural differences exist everywhere. ?.The features of Chinese and Western advertisementAdvertising, a kind of war as a modern business strategy and weapons, their purpose is commercial in nature, but its manifestations is a cultural and artis tic.Emergence and development of advertising is the inevitable product of social development, the same time, is also a product of culture. Advertisement is the special performance of modern culture spirit. As a means of reflecting the reality, advertising language also is the component of culture. Advertisements adjust peoples activity or bring the society effect into play. Advertisement is a multi-language arts conveying information to people and using language for the carrier .Therefore, the advertising language should be simple and easily understood, fluency and clear, we should also pay attention to the grandiloquence manner at the same time. Chinese and Western advertisement cited a variety of rhetoric to achieve the effect of merchandise promotion, and consumers are not consciously deepened the impression of the product after gaining the spirit edifying and enjoying aesthetic feeling, arousing peoples desire to buy it , such as antithesis, Hyperbole, Parody, metaphor, rhyme a nd repeatedly. EtcOwing to the differences of Chinese and Western culture, the representation form is diverse. Advertising language also manifests different culture values and thinking mode. Chinese and Western culture has large different culture background, customs, behavior conduct and way of life. Thus, advertisers will no doubt consider the demands of consumer through their cultural background. There I list some examples of advertisement to compare and analyze how the Chinese and Western national culture influence their advertising language3.1 Different Philosophy conceptThe Chinese nation has insists that the heaven and human units as the harmonious one. For example something unexpected may happen any time, I have life insurance (The Peoples Insurance Company of China).This ad indicates that people are not afraid of accident because the people have insurance. The accident and insurance is a unit and are dispensable. That the business loves customs is showed in this ad and it wi ll come to an agreement between them. At last the goal of the ad comes into truth. .But in western culture they insist the standpoint of pluralistic. They pay attention to diversity and changes of material, emphasis specially on the change and difference of the nature ,stressed that personal freedom, self-development and personal enterprise. The biggest different between harmonious and pluralists if that the pluralists is not boundsed. Look at this English adOlympus, No limits. There is small-minded you cant be with the Olympus Zoom Lens Reflex series. The all-in-X cameras that wont limit your creative ability. (Olympus camera). The camera have one more features make photographs produce different then to reflect individual creativity is in the go along development and is not limited in this ad. The advertisements show the ultimate scrap and seek freedom can greatly stimulate consumer desire so enthusiastic consumption.3.2 Different cultural values-orientedChinese cultural has a long history and the alcohol cultural is significant. To illustrate the quality of goods, they attempt to explain how long the water life by quotating the history. For example (1) Legend quality, carbon ZHANG YU.( ZHANG YU Tokay) (2) Tang palace drink, JIAN NAN CHUN (JIAN NAN CHUN Drink) Those two alcohols long history were given expression to only sentences, showing the deep feeling toward consumers, restricting the gap between the products and consumers.The Western countries insisted the short term oriented culture the main reason is the history is shorter than China. They dont do the business like Chinese who often use the factors of history and tradition, but use the strong and direct marketing strategy (hard sale), a product of the immediate results as a selling point. For example go and get it at once, buy it , fit it well, take action right now, call now etc. is the common use in foreign ads .Value is the different views and attitudes of people regarding the matter. China i s a traditional agricultural economy society, it is said that Chinese cultural system emphasized the collectivism and authoritative character, using the natural value orientation. This ad is a manifestation of this feature of Chinese culture humming LI killing mosquito tool-silence without mosquito dedication. This ad was excellent for using the partial tone of mosquito and listen. It builds the image of unknown to public dedication of products and corporation. To praises of the heroes of our community who quietly worked hard, this individuality arouses the resonance in the minds of vast consumers.But in the Western enceinte society, individualism?equality and the dominant natural were the orientation ,they stress disposition differences. This can be seen from many American ads products, there are many differences trying to explain from, even in the absence of any differences as well. In the United States ads, there is a popular phrase, it would be to create different. For examp le One airline painted the vivid colors on the airframe in order to catch peoples eye. In fact, the plane and service of other airplane company are not much different.3.3 Different cultural psychologyAdvertiser often reflecting takes me the psychology and tries to appear the customers. Ads reflected the cultural psychology of language is quite common. Such as1?congratulate to make a pile to welcome new year, have long luck Goldlion (Goldlion wearing advertisement) 2?WEI LI washing machine, dedicated to a mother. (WEI LI washing machine) the advertising language cater to the cultural psychology of Chinese, has persuaded function. full fortune?salary?longevity ?happy and wealth were the symbol of Chinese traditional culture. Chinese have the psychology of hearing nice words, so many products related to the common use show menu of the family affection. For example A lot of good luck, a lot of satisfaction (FU homosexual DUO instant noodles) and A bowl nice glue orchis round and roun d , a good reunion after take in (a advertisement of Chinese glutinous rice flour) are two types examples which emphasis Chinese value. In contrast, the Western culture takes more emphasis on independence and individuality their ads pay more attention to character display, ideas and humor. Kodak image and your family happiness Is a popular advertisement in Chinas market, but its ads in U.S is a picture of one boy holding ponchos in one hand, and the other standing on a sword with the statements. He just killed his last dragon. Kodak keeps happiness for Chinese, keep the feat for American.The whole world has a common human emotion, such as kinship, friendship and love, but